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(also called , , or ) was a title equivalent to shogun assumed by Ashikaga Motouji after his nomination to ''Kantō kanrei'', or deputy shogun for the Kamakura-fu, in 1349.〔Kokushi Daijiten (1983:542)〕 Motouji transferred his original title to the Uesugi family, which had previously held the hereditary title of , and would thereafter provide the ''Kantō kanrei''.〔 The Ashikaga had been forced to move to Kyoto, abandoning Kamakura and the Kantō region, because of the continuing difficulties they had keeping the Emperor and the loyalists under control (see the article Nanboku-chō period). Motouji had been sent by his father, shogun Ashikaga Takauji, precisely because the latter understood the importance of controlling the Kantō region and wanted to have an Ashikaga ruler there, but the administration in Kamakura was from the beginning characterized by its rebelliousness. The shogun's idea never really worked and actually backfired.〔 After Motouji, all the ''kubō'' wanted power over the whole country. The ''Kantō kubō'' era is therefore essentially a struggle for the shogunate between the Kamakura and the Kyoto branches of the Ashikaga clan.〔Matsuo (1997:119-120)〕 In the end, Kamakura had to be retaken by force by troops from Kyoto.〔 The five ''kubō'' recorded by history, all of Motouji's bloodline, were in order Motouji himself, Ujimitsu, Mitsukane, Mochiuji and Shigeuji.〔〔Note that ''Shigeuji'' is an unusual reading of the characters 成氏, that would be normally be read ''Nariuji''. The reading Nariuji is common in print and over the Internet. Authoritative texts like the Kokushi Daijiten invariably use Shigeuji.〕 ==Birth of the ''Kantō kubō''== In the first weeks of 1336,〔Gregorian date obtained directly from the original Nengō using (Nengocalc ): (Kemmu era, 1st month)''〕 two years after the fall of Kamakura, the first of the Ashikaga shoguns Ashikaga Takauji left the city for Kyoto in pursuit of Nitta Yoshisada.〔 He left behind his 4-year-old son Yoshiakira as his representative in the trust of three guardians: Hosokawa Kiyouji, Uesugi Noriaki, and Shiba Ienaga.〔Jansen (1995:119-120)〕 Because the three were related to him through blood or marriage, he believed they would keep Kantō loyal to him.〔 This action formally divided the country in two, giving the east and the west separate administrations with similar rights to power. Not only did both had Ashikaga rulers, but Kamakura, which until very recently had been the seat of a shogunate, was still capital of the Kantō, and independentist feelings were strong among Kamakura samurai. In 1349 Takauji called Yoshiakira to Kyoto replacing him with one of his sons, Motouji, to whom he gave the title of ''Kantō kanrei'', or Kantō deputy.〔 At first the territory under his rule, known as Kamakura-fu, included the eight Kantō provinces (the ), plus Kai and Izu.〔Iwanami Nihonshi Jiten, ''Kamakura-fu''〕 Later, Kantō Kubō Ashikaga Ujimitsu was given by the shogunate as a reward for his military support the two huge provinces of Mutsu and Dewa.〔 The shogun's deputy in the Kantō region had the vital task to keep it under control. Structurally, his government was a small-scale version of Kyoto's shogunate and had full judiciary and executive powers. Because the ''kanrei'' was the son of the shogun, ruled the Kantō and controlled the military there, the area was usually called Kamakura Bakufu (Kamakura Shogunate), and Motouji or Kamakura/Kantō Gosho, an equivalent title.〔 When later the habit of calling ''kubō'' the shogun spread from Kyoto to the Kantō, the ruler of Kamakura came to be called ''Kamakura Kubō''.〔 The ''Kanrei'' title was passed on to the Uesugi hereditary ''shitsuji''.〔〔 The first time the title appears in writing is in a 1382 entry of a document called , under second ''Kubō'' Ujimitsu.〔 This term had been first adopted by Ashikaga Takauji himself, and its use therefore implied equality to the shogun.〔Sansom (147-148)〕 In fact, sometimes the ''Kanto Kubō'' was called Kantō Shogun.〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Kantō kubō」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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